In the railway fastener system, several types of core components form the basis of track stability, and their performance directly determines the safety and reliability of wheel-rail interaction.
The spring clip is the most widely used core component of fasteners, represented by the Type III spring clip and the SKL series. The Type III spring clip is formed by hot rolling of 60Si2MnA spring steel, with an "Ω"-shaped structure, a buckling pressure of 12-15kN, and is fixed by gauge baffles and bolts. It is suitable for rails of 60kg and below, accounting for more than 90% of the mainline railways. The SKL12 spring clip is designed for heavy-load scenarios, with a buckling pressure increased to 18kN, and the limbs on both sides are thickened by 2mm. It can withstand high-frequency impacts of 30t axle weight and is commonly used in 75kg heavy rail lines.
Bolts and nuts are used for rigid fastening. The mainstream is 10.9-grade high-strength bolts with a diameter of 24mm, a thread accuracy of 8g, and a tensile strength of 1000MPa, which are used in conjunction with 10-grade nuts. The surface is phosphated or Dacromet-coated, and the salt spray resistance is ≥72 hours, which can effectively prevent rust in a humid environment. Light rails use 8.8-grade bolts with a diameter of 16-20mm to meet the fastening requirements of 30kg light rails.
The gauge baffle is the key to geometric accuracy control. It is cast with QT450-10 ductile iron and has a thickness of 8-20mm. The gauge adjustment of ±12mm can be achieved through different specifications (such as 10mm, 12mm, and 14mm). The flatness error of the fitting surface between the baffle and the rail waist is ≤0.1mm/m, ensuring accurate lateral positioning of the rail. In the curved section, the gauge expansion caused by centrifugal force can be offset by thickening the outer baffle.
Sleeper bolts and gussets are suitable for specific scenarios. Sleeper bolts are embedded in the sleepers, with a conical anti-slip structure on the head. They work with the gussets to fix the bottom of the rails. They are commonly found in ballastless tracks of urban light rails. The gussets are made of Q235B steel with a galvanized surface. The oblong hole design allows for a longitudinal adjustment of ±5mm, which is suitable for frequent start-stop conditions such as subways.
In addition, anti-climbers are essential as auxiliary fasteners in long and steep slope sections. They are installed in pairs on both sides of the rail bottom. The wedge-shaped structure generates friction to control the longitudinal displacement of the rails within 3mm/24h, forming a double anti-climbing guarantee with the spring bar system. These core fasteners work together to build a composite system of "elastic fastening + rigid positioning" to provide stable support for various track scenarios.
GNEE RAIL is a company specializing in the research and development and production of railway fasteners, mainly providing various types of rail fasteners, spring clip systems and supporting connectors. The factory is equipped with modern production equipment and professional testing laboratories, and strictly implements the ISO quality management system to ensure that the products meet international railway industry standards. With years of technical accumulation, we are able to provide standard products or customized solutions according to customer needs, and have established a complete after-sales service system. We look forward to establishing long-term and stable cooperative relations with more customers.