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What is a rail joint bar?
Rail joints are crucial components in the construction and maintenance of railway tracks. These are designed to connect two sections of rail together and allow for continuous tracks over long distances. Rail joints enable the expansion and contraction of rails due to temperature variations. As temperature changes, rails expand or contract, and rail joints accommodate these movements. This prevents buckling or damage to the tracks. Rail joints also provide structural support to the tracks and maintain the proper alignment of the tracks.
Rail Joint Definition
Encyclopedia has defined the word “rail joint” as the following: A splice connecting the adjacent ends of rails, in distinction from a chair, which is merely a seat. The two devices are sometimes united. Among several hundred varieties, the fish joint is standard. See Fish joint, under Fish.
Rail joint plays a jointing function (connecting function) in the railroad. High quality railway joint can effectively reduce the influence of wheels when passing through the jointing sections of the steel rail and increase the steadiness and continuity of the passing trains. As one of the important parts in railway, railway joint bar are widely used both in light rail and heavy rail to guarantee the safety of railroad transportation.
Different Types of Rail Joint bar
A Joint between the two adjacent rails which also forms the weakest part of the railway track is called a Rail Joint. There are different types of rail joints like the Staggered joint, Bridge joint, Supported joint, Suspended joint, etc. Each of these joints has specific characteristics which make them suitable for use in certain specific conditions.
Types of Rail Joints
There are different types of rail joints depending on the position of the sleepers and the joints.
1、According to the Position of Joint
2、According to the Position of Sleepers
3、According on the Performance of Rail Joints
Based to the position of sleepers, rail joints can be classified into three types: supported joints, suspended joints and bridge joints.
Supported joint: a rail joint in a railroad rail having a sleeper directly under the rail ends. On one hand, it would reduce the wear and tear of the rail through supporting the rail joint. On the other hand, such supporting joint makes the joint move hard even though the support may have a slightly raise the height of the rail ends.
- In this joint, the rail ends are directly supported on the sleeper.
- This joint is expected to reduce the wear and tear in rails by preventing a cantilever action. However, the support still tends to raise the height of the ends of the rail. This makes the run on the supported joints hard.
- This joint also suffers from major wear and tear from the sleeper that supports the joint.
- The maintenance of the Supported joint is challenging.
Suspended joint: a rail joint coming between two railroad rail sleepers and some portion of rail is cantilevered at the joint. Just because the cantilever action, the joint becomes loose due to the hammering action of passing train loads. Suspended joints are commonly used on railway systems all over the world, especially in India.
- In a suspended joint, the rail ends are suspended between the sleepers, with some rail portion being cantilevered.
- Due to the cantilever action, the sleeper packing becomes loose due to a hammering action by the loads from the moving trains.
- These are the most commonly used joints on railway systems in the world.
Bridge joints: a rail joint which is similar to the suspended joint. Compared with the suspended joint, on either side of bridge joint are connected by means of a metal flat or a corrugated plate known as a bridge plate. This type of joint is not commonly used on Indian railway.
- This joint is almost similar to the suspended joint. The only difference is that the two sleepers on both sides of the bridge joint are joined by a flat metal or corrugated plate. This plate is also called a bridge plate.
- Bridge joint is not used on Indian Railways.
Based on the Position of Joints
Square joint
Rail joints on one track are exactly opposite to the joints on the other side are called square joints. This kind of joint is suitable for the straight rail line，and the rail line can be laid mechanically section by section. When trains passed through, the opposite two joints bear the impact force at the same time. It reduces the number of hits to the rail track. The running of the train will be more smoothly. At present, such joints are commonly used on railway lines.
In a Square joint, the joints in the two different rails are exactly opposite to each other. It is the most commonly adopted joint on Indian Railways.
Staggered joint
In this case, the distance between two opposite joints staggered half a rail. It mainly applies to the curved rail line and will disperse the impact force from wheel rolling, but it is not good for stability.
- In staggered joints, the joints in one rail are staggered and aren’t exactly opposite to the joints in the other rail.
- These joints are generally used on curved tracks as they reduce the centrifugal force pushing the track in the outward direction.
Advantages of Staggered Joint :
- The centrifugal force on the curved tracks has a tendency of pushing the tracks out of the alignment. In such situations, a staggered joint is the most suitable rail joint as it reduces centrifugal force on curves.
- Staggered joints provide a smooth running as compared to a square joint.
Based on the Performance of Rail Joints
The third category is based on the performance of rail joints. Under this category, we subdivided it into standard rail joint，compromise rail joint，conducting rail joint，insulated rail joint and welded rail joint.
Standard rail joint
It is the most basic rail joint. The rails it connected are having same weight and length. There will be an 8-10mm seam left between two rails for expansion and contraction, but the seam will cause the damage to rail and track bed in the joint area. Therefore, we usually replace it with welded rail joint.
Compromise rail joint
It is mainly used to connect two different types of rails to make sure the continuity of railway. Under normal conditions, in order to make the top surface and the inner side head of rails are matched up, it will use the corresponding special-shaped rail joint and rail pad with it.
Conducting rail joint
This joint is regarded as a connector used for conducting track current or as a traction current circuit, usually applied to automatic block and electric traction area.
Joggled Rail Joint
Joggled rail joint, also named bulge rail joint, it has a prominent bulge section in the middle. Different from other rail joint, rail bulge rail joint is generally used in broken welded rails or temporary repair of cracked welded rail joint with an emergency clamp. It can be used in various rail sections and it is useful as the temporary repairing.
Insulated rail joint
This kind of joint adopts insulating material to prevent current conduction between two adjacent automatic block sections. For insulation purpose, we will use nylon rail track bolt sleeve and nylon rail joint to separate rail, joint and bolt.
Welded rail joint
In this type, the end of rails is welded together to form a continuous long rail by resistance welding, small pressure welding or aluminum hot welding. The end of rails does not need to drill bolt hole and this rail joint is mostly used for seamless lines.
Requirement of Good Rail Joint
- The rail joint needs to be sturdy, rigid and should provide the same strength as the original rail section.
- It should be affordable and robust.
- The tracks should offer a constant, flat surface for the movement of the trains.
- It should maintain a proper rail gauge.
- The rails shouldn’t get damaged.
- It should maintain a level track.
- Joints should allow free thermal expansion and contraction.
- Rail Joint should be easy to remove and replace.
- It should be elastic in both the lateral and vertical directions.
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