Rail Fastening System Evolution
The evolution of rail fastening systems can be delineated across five stages: commencing with the use of wooden rails and sleepers fixed by pegs or nails; progressing to the introduction of cast iron rails with supports in the 18th century, accompanied by the development of flanged and fish-bellied rails; followed by the emergence of rolled T-shaped rails in the 1820s, initially secured by iron wedges and later directly to sleepers with nails; further advancements included innovations such as cast iron chairs, spike drivers, and various fastening devices like dog spikes, screw spikes, fang bolts, and spring spikes; culminating in the adoption of tie plates before 1900, which expanded the bearing area and secured rails more effectively, marking a significant milestone in rail fastening technology.
