Track Fastening System: Full Range of Matching and Combination
What are the core complete classification of track fastening systems and applicable track types?
Track fastening systems are divided into four complete types: high-speed railway elastic fastening system, ordinary railway rigid fastening system, industrial and mining heavy-duty fastening system and foreign standard supporting fastening system, adapting to different track scenarios. The high-speed railway elastic fastening system includes W2/X3 elastic strips, 10.9 grade insulating bolts and rubber base plates, suitable for high-speed railway ballastless tracks with both locking and shock absorption functions. The ordinary railway rigid fastening system includes type Ⅰ elastic strips, 8.8 grade ordinary bolts and composite base plates, suitable for ordinary railway ballasted tracks with simple structure and stable locking. The industrial and mining heavy-duty fastening system includes thickened elastic strips, 12.9 grade high-strength bolts and wear-resistant base plates, suitable for mine/port heavy-duty tracks with impact resistance and anti-loosening. Foreign standard fastening systems are divided into UIC/BS/AREMA models, respectively adapting to corresponding foreign standard rails, fully complying with international engineering supporting standards.
What are the core matching principles and selection points of fastening system accessory combination?
The combination of fastening system accessories must follow the three core principles of rail specification matching, line grade adaptation and accessory standard unification, eliminating cross-specification and cross-standard mixing. The elastic strip model must match the rail head size of the rail, the bolt strength is synchronized with the elastic strip locking force, and the base plate thickness is adapted to the track settlement demand. High-speed railway lines prefer elastic complete systems, ordinary railways select rigid complete systems, industrial and mining heavy-duty select thickened high-strength complete systems, and select on demand without blind upgrading. The accessory combination shall consider insulation requirements, high-speed railway systems add insulation parts, ordinary railway/industrial and mining can save insulation parts, reducing cost while meeting functions. The selection shall check the size, material and strength parameters of the complete accessories to ensure no gap in locking and uniform stress after combination.
What are the core accessory differences between high-speed railway and ordinary railway fastening systems?
The core accessories of high-speed railway fastening system are elastic strips, insulating bolts, rubber elastic base plates and high-precision pressure plates, all accessories have shock absorption and insulation functions, adapting to high requirements of high-speed railways. Ordinary railway fastening system is rigid elastic strips, ordinary bolts, composite hard base plates and conventional pressure plates, without insulation and shock absorption components, focusing on basic locking function. High-speed railway bolts are 10.9 grade insulated high-strength bolts, anti-electrocorrosion and higher locking torque, ordinary railway bolts are 8.8 grade ordinary bolts, meeting basic locking only. High-speed railway base plates are high-elastic rubber material, dynamic and static stiffness ratio ≤2.0, excellent shock absorption effect, ordinary railway base plates are composite material, high stiffness and strong wear resistance. High-speed railway elastic strips are double elastic strip design with buckling force ≥10kN, ordinary railway is single elastic strip design with buckling force ≥6kN, locking force is set on demand.
What are the core processes and construction specifications for complete installation of fastening systems?
For fastening system installation, first clean the sleeper installation surface, place the under-rail base plate according to the rail position to ensure the base plate is centered without offset, laying the foundation for subsequent installation. Then place the rail on the base plate, calibrate the gauge and rail straightness, place the elastic strip and pressure plate after confirming no rail skew, and the slot is accurately connected to the rail base. Then thread the supporting bolts, pre-tighten to 50% of the standard torque first, check the accessory fit and then lock with full torque to avoid uneven stress from single locking. Additional insulating gaskets must be installed for high-speed railway system installation, and the insulation resistance shall be tested ≥5×10^6Ω after installation to ensure insulation up to standard without leakage. After installation, check point by point that there is no edge warping of accessories, no loosening of bolts, no displacement of rails, and the installation error of the whole track is ≤2mm.
What are the replacement principles and supporting requirements for accessory loss in fastening system use?
The replacement of damaged fastening system accessories must follow the core principles of same model and specification, local complete replacement, no cross-standard replacement to ensure the overall performance of the system remains unchanged. Deformed/broken elastic strips must be replaced with the same model elastic strips, different models cannot be used instead to avoid insufficient buckling force leading to rail loosening. Sliding/rusted bolts must be replaced with bolts of the same strength and specification, high-speed railway insulating bolts cannot be replaced with ordinary bolts to prevent insulation failure and locking force reduction. Base plates with wear exceeding 1mm must be replaced in time, rubber base plates with same elastic type, wear-resistant base plates with same thickness type to ensure shock absorption and bearing effect. Local replacement is allowed for single accessory damage, and whole section complete replacement is required for multiple damages, re-lock according to standard torque after replacement, and put into use only if there is no abnormality in trial operation.