1. What is the purpose of rail lubrication?
Lubrication reduces wheel-rail friction, lowering noise and wear. Methods include:
Onboard lubrication systems: Spray lubricant from trains.
Wayside lubricators: Fixed devices near curved tracks.
2. What is the typical lifespan of rails?
Depending on traffic load and environment, rails last 10–20 years. Heavy-haul lines or sharp curves accelerate wear, requiring earlier replacement.
3. What are the criteria for rail replacement?
Vertical wear > 6mm (for 60kg/m rails).
Side wear > 10mm.
Extensive spalling or internal cracks.
4. What is the purpose of rail grinding?
Grinding restores rail surface smoothness, eliminating corrugation and micro-cracks. It includes preventive grinding (regular) and corrective grinding (for damage repair).
5. What special requirements apply to rails on curves?
Gauge widening: Reduces flange wear.
Superelevation: Counters centrifugal force.
Enhanced fastening: Prevents lateral displacement.