Fastening System Component Coordination and Maintenance Key Points
- What are the respective functions of elastic strips, bolts, and gauge plates in the fastening system?
The elastic strip generates clamping force through elastic deformation, tightly holds the rail, prevents its longitudinal and lateral displacement, and maintains the gauge. The bolt is used to connect the elastic strip, gauge plate, and sleeper, providing fastening force to ensure the coordinated operation of each component. The gauge plate adjusts the gauge to meet the needs of different lines. At the same time, it assists the elastic strip in fixing the rail and disperses the load transmitted from the rail.
- How do the components of the fastening system achieve performance matching?
The clamping force of the elastic strip should match the fastening force of the bolt. The elastic strip provides an appropriate clamping force, and the bolt is tightened to ensure the stability of the clamping force and prevent the elastic strip from loosening. The size and strength of the gauge plate are adapted to the rail and sleeper to ensure the accuracy of gauge adjustment and bearing capacity. The three work together to ensure the stable operation of the fastening system.
- During daily maintenance, how to check whether there is a loosening problem in the fastening system?
Visually inspect the appearance of the elastic strip and bolt to see if the elastic strip is deformed and if the bolt is displaced. Use a torque wrench to detect the torque of the bolt. If it is lower than the specified value, it may indicate loosening. Tap the elastic strip and bolt. If the sound is abnormal or the hand feels a large vibration, there may also be a loosening problem, and further inspection and tightening are required.
- When the components of the fastening system are worn or corroded, what impact will it have on the track?
Wear of the elastic strip reduces the clamping force, making the rail easy to displace and affecting driving safety. Wear and corrosion of the bolt reduce its strength and may cause breakage, leading to fastening failure. Wear of the gauge plate affects the accuracy of gauge adjustment, increases the track maintenance workload, and may cause the track geometric dimensions to exceed the limit in severe cases.
- During the maintenance of the fastening system, how to correctly replace the worn or damaged components?
When replacing the elastic strip, first loosen the bolt, remove the old elastic strip, install the new elastic strip and adjust its position, and tighten the bolt according to the specified torque. When replacing the bolt, first remove the relevant components, take out the old bolt, clean the screw hole, apply anti-rust agent, and then install the new bolt and tighten it. When replacing the gauge plate, remove the old gauge plate, clean the contact surface, install the new gauge plate, ensure it is firmly installed, and adjust the gauge.