Overall Adaptation and Maintenance Standards for Fastening Systems
Why do the components of the fastening system need overall adaptation?
The components of the fastening system work together to fix the rail and transmit loads. Overall adaptation can ensure balanced stress and avoid overload damage of local components. If the clamping force of the rail clip does not match the bolt strength, it may cause bolt fracture or rail clip deformation, affecting the overall fastening effect. The pull-out resistance of rail spikes and the bearing capacity of base plates need to be adapted to the line load, otherwise local failure will occur, triggering a chain reaction. Overall adaptation can ensure uniform track elasticity, reduce wheel-rail impact, and improve driving smoothness and safety. In addition, adapted components are convenient for installation, maintenance and replacement, reducing operating costs and extending the service life of the system.
What are the core contents of regular maintenance of the fastening system?
The core contents of regular maintenance include visual inspection, fastener torque detection, component wear evaluation and disease treatment. Visual inspection needs to check for cracks, deformation, rust and other defects of rail clips, bolts, rail spikes and other components, and record abnormalities in a timely manner. Use a torque wrench to detect bolt torque to ensure compliance with design standards, and re-tighten loose bolts. Evaluate the wear degree of components such as under-rail pads and rail clips, and replace those exceeding the allowable range in a timely manner. Treat the discovered diseases according to grades: slight diseases can be repaired, and severe diseases (such as fractures) must be replaced immediately. In addition, it is necessary to improve maintenance records, file test data, and provide a basis for subsequent maintenance.
How to control the disease rate of the fastening system within 0.5%?
First, high-quality components that meet standards must be selected to reduce the possibility of diseases from the source. Install strictly in accordance with construction specifications to ensure accurate installation positions and balanced stress of each component, avoiding diseases caused by improper installation. Establish a regular inspection mechanism: conduct a quick inspection once a month and a comprehensive inspection every six months to detect hidden dangers in a timely manner. Increase the inspection frequency for high-risk sections (such as curves, heavy-haul sections) and focus on monitoring component status. Strengthen the training of maintenance personnel to improve their ability to identify and handle diseases, ensuring that discovered diseases can be dealt with in a timely and effective manner.
What are the maintenance differences of the fastening system between high-speed railways and heavy-haul railways?
High-speed railway maintenance focuses more on the stability of rail clip clamping force and track smoothness, with higher detection frequency. Dynamic detection with track inspection vehicles is required every quarter. Heavy-haul railway maintenance focuses on bolt torque and component fatigue resistance, and special inspections of fishplate bolts and rail spike anchoring status are required every month. High-speed railways have lower tolerance for component wear and deformation, and slight deviations require adjustment or replacement. Heavy-haul railways focus more on serious diseases such as component fracture and loosening. High-speed railway maintenance requires high-precision detection equipment to ensure accurate track geometric dimensions. Heavy-haul railway maintenance needs to strengthen flaw detection of load-bearing components. In addition, high-speed railway maintenance is mostly carried out during the night skylight period, requiring high efficiency and speed. Heavy-haul railway maintenance needs to be flexibly arranged according to line traffic volume.
What is the importance of maintaining the insulation performance of the fastening system?
The insulation performance of the fastening system directly affects the normal operation of the track circuit. Insulation failure will cause signal short circuits and false alarms, affecting train dispatching and driving safety. Good insulation performance can avoid stray current corrosion of components and extend the service life of metal components such as rail clips and bolts. Maintenance of insulation performance is particularly important in harsh weather such as rain and humidity, which can prevent the decrease of insulation resistance caused by rainwater. Substandard insulation performance will increase the risk of signal failure, leading to line outage and economic losses. In addition, regular maintenance of insulating components (such as insulation blocks, pads) can ensure that the system insulation resistance is not less than 1MΩ, ensuring the stable operation of the track circuit.