In the current booming development of railway transportation, GB heavy rail, as a key component of railway infrastructure, has been widely used to inject strong impetus into economic development. However, this has also brought a series of environmental impacts that cannot be ignored.
During train operation, there is continuous friction between the wheel and rail, resulting in strong noise, especially in high-frequency train routes and densely populated areas where noise pollution is more prominent. Like the subway lines in urban rail transit, the noise from train operation seriously interferes with residents' daily lives near residential areas. In addition, the vibration caused by train operation is transmitted to the surrounding soil and buildings through the track, which may affect the structural stability of buildings in the long run, especially in areas with concentrated old buildings, with greater potential risks.
During the service period of heavy rail, due to the enormous pressure and friction, the surface metal wear produces dust, which contains metal elements such as iron. Once it enters the atmosphere, it not only reduces air quality, but also may cause pollution to surrounding soil and water bodies. At the same time, if there is a fuel leak or other incidents along the railway, it can cause great harm to the soil and groundwater environment, potentially leading to soil structure damage, vegetation damage, groundwater pollution, and affecting the ecological balance of the surrounding area.
To alleviate the environmental problems caused by the use of GB heavy rail, noise reduction and vibration reduction measures are crucial. Adopting seamless track technology to reduce track joints and minimize wheel rail collision noise; Laying damping materials to absorb and block vibration energy, reducing vibration propagation; Set up sound barriers along the railway to prevent noise from spreading to the surrounding area. In terms of dust and pollution prevention and control, regular polishing and maintenance of heavy rails are carried out to reduce surface roughness and minimize dust generation; Strengthen the inspection of railway facilities to prevent the leakage of pollutants such as fuel. Once a leakage occurs, timely and effective cleaning and repair measures should be taken.
In the early stage of project planning and construction, fully carry out environmental impact assessment, optimize the route direction, and try to avoid environmentally fragile areas such as ecologically sensitive areas and residential areas. Reasonably plan the layout of railway stations, freight yards, and other facilities to reduce interference with the surrounding environment. Through these comprehensive response strategies, the negative environmental impact during the use of GB heavy rail can be effectively reduced, and the coordinated development of railway transportation and ecological environment can be promoted.